A secondary etiology may be suggested by symptoms e. In older people, however, there is a form of hypertension called isolated systolic hypertension. The treatment of arterial hypertension should start before significant cardiovascular damage develops and is usually lifelong. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of. Hypertension knowledge, medication adherence, and self. Center of clinical pharmacology, the third xiangya hospital, central south university, changsha, china 2. Etiology of hypertension refers to the causes of high blood pressure. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmhg or higher andor diastolic blood. The intravascular volume may be too high causing an excess of venous return, leading to an elevated lvedv. Hypertension may be primary, which may develop as a. In the case of an active competitive athlete, it is recommended that once the blood pressure is well controlled, regular followup should be continued with by. It accounts for about 80 90 percent of all the diagnosed cases of high blood pressure around the world.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure bp can lead to heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other serious life threats. The aha is launching a new initiative that elevates awareness and adoption. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. To reduce morbidity and mortality by the least instrusive means possible. Essential hypertension, a rise in blood pressure of undetermined cause, includes 90% of all hypertensive cases and is a highly important public health. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is directly correlated with blood pressure. Hypertension siyad a r hypertension 116, 4664, or high blood pressure, is a very common and serious condition that can lead to or complicate many health problems. One in three american adults has high blood pressurethats an estimated 67 million people.
Hypertension diagnosis and management effective date. According to a 2002 report from the who, cerebral vascular accident cva is the third cause of death on most developed countries. This study is a call for action to help reduce overall morbidity and. Including etiology of hypertension such as smoking. Genetic factor may play an important role in the development of essential hypertension.
Introduction high blood pressure, or hypertension as the disease is known medically, is our most common chronic illness. Secondary hypertension in adults pubmed central pmc. Followup of a young prehypertensive cohort yao lu 1, minggen lu 2, haijiang dai 1, pinting yang 3, julie smith gagen2, rujia miao 1, hua zhong 1, ruifang chen 1, xing liu1, zhijun huang, hong yuan1 1. When hypertension is caused by another condition or disease process, it is called secondary hypertension. Outside the scope of this guideline is the management of secondary causes of htn, accelerated htn, acute htn in emergency. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 329k, or click on a page image below.
Hypertension education brochure va north texas health. Estimates of exactly how many americans have high blood pressure varythe american heart association and the national heart, lung, and blood. June 22, 2016 scope this guideline provides recommendations on how to diagnose and manage hypertension htn in adults aged. Arterial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality because of its association with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal disease. Hypertension is common and present in about 10% of the adult population or about 2 million people in canada. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day, but it can cause health problems if it stays high for a long time. We are still uncertain of the way in which environment and heredity interact to produce increased arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Management of hypertension angiotensin hypertension.
Causes of hypertension in neonates as in older infants and children, the causes of hypertension in neonates are numerous table i. Doctors classify hypertension into two namely primary hypertension. The primary, essential or benign hypertension is the commonest form of high blood pressure. Secondary hypertension causes will include underlying disorders which can be medical or nonmedical. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension with an underlying, potentially correctable cause. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community a statement by the american society of hypertension and the international society of. To better understand what causes hypertension there is need to visit the common classification of hypertension. The very full heart would then eject a large volume into the arterial tree thus leading to hypertension.
There was no difference in hypertension knowledge by marital status, p 0. The canadian heart health survey has shown that only 42% of patients are aware that they have. However evidence of a history of sustained elevated blood pressure bp is. Fewer than 10% of patients have secondary hypertension. Failure to recognise secondary causes can lead to resistant hypertension, cardiovascular complications or complications of the underlying condition. Essential hypertension, a rise in blood pressure of undetermined cause, includes 90% of all hypertensive cases and is a highly important public health challenge that remains, however, a major modifiable cause of morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure is the force of blood against your artery walls as it circulates through your body. Whitecoat hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and. The task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the european society of cardiology and the european society of hypertension.
Malignant hypertension is present when there is a sustained or sudden rise in diastolic blood pressure exceeding 120 mmhg, with accompanying evidence of damage to organs such as the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys. In cases of secondary hypertension, hypertension etiology can be resolved by treating the underlying medical disorders. Pdf arterial hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality because of its association with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease. For the most part patients with hypertension are under diagnosed and under treated. Few indisputable abnormalities can be demonstrated. Essential hypertension refers to a state of elevated blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, in a patient without obvious or determinable organic changes in the tissues. Pathogenesis of hypertension jacobi medical center. Secondary hypertension is a common cause of hypertension in adults, occurring in about 10% of hypertensive patients. Although the traditional method of bp measurement in the clinic has provided a wealth of useful information about the importan\. The systolic, or upper, reading may be high, for ex ample, 150180, but the diastolic, or lower, reading is below 90. Pdf essential hypertension, a rise in blood pressure of undetermined cause, includes 90% of all hypertensive cases and is a highly important public. High school graduates or lower had similar hypertension knowledge scores compared to at least some college education. The main objective in lowering bp is to reduce the patients absolute risk of premature death and disease, primarily by reducing their risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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